The development objective of the Results-based Scaling up Rural Sanitation and Water Supply Program Project for Vietnam is to improve hygiene behavior, increase and sustain access to rural sanitation and water supply in rural areas in the participating provinces. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (1) water supply schemes should assess the risk from changes in the local water resource availability; (2) consider safe, clean, and attractive access routes to school toilets if the building is separated from classroom building; (3) design of local drainage in parallel with water supply and sanitation in schools and clinics, to ensure no stagnant water; and (4) technical support will promote testing of water quality during planning phase.